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Explanation:
These allies played a major role in helping the colonists to gain their independence. Who helped the Americans in the revolution? A number of European countries assisted the American colonists. The primary allies were France, Spain, and the Netherlands with France giving the most support.
 
        
                    
             
        
        
        
Answer:
the values best associated with a happy and wealthy life were low individualism, low power distance — in other words, a lack of authoritarianism in your life — and low uncertainty avoidance.
Masculinity had a mixed effect. While the ability to plan for the future can be universally recommended, that “need for achievement” component comes at quite a cost. Those who score higher on masculinity make more money but also tend to be unhappier, despite the higher pay. By the way, this isn’t a new observation. Economist Adam Smith wrote about it more than 250 years ago.
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Answer:
Enlightened despotism, also called benevolent despotism, form of government in the 18th century in which absolute monarchs pursued legal, social, and educational reforms inspired by the Enlightenment. Among the most prominent enlightened despots were Frederick II (the Great), Peter I (the Great), Catherine II (the Great), Maria Theresa, Joseph II, and Leopold II. They typically instituted administrative reform, religious toleration, and economic development but did not propose reforms that would undermine their sovereignty or disrupt the social order.
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Ruinous is the meaning for destruction
        
                    
             
        
        
        
by the end of the 16th century Calvinists were a majority in Scotland and other parts of Europe.
<u>Explanation:</u>
Calvinism was also known as reformed tradition or reformed Christianity. In the time of the sixteenth century, this spread in almost the whole of Europe but it mostly had a majority in Scotland, Netherlands and some parts of Germany also. 
This was the major branch of Protestantism which were in favor of following the traditions but this branch of Protestantism brought about some changes in Protestantism and reformed it and Christianity during the time of sixteenth century.