17th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution: Direct Election of U.S. Senators (1913)
The Constitution, as it was adopted in 1788, made the Senate an assembly where the states would have equal representation. Each state legislature would elect two senators to 6-year terms. Late in the 19th century, some state legislatures deadlocked over the election of a senator when different parties controlled different houses, and Senate vacancies could last months or years. In other cases, special interests or political machines gained control over the state legislature. Progressive reformers dismissed individuals elected by such legislatures as puppets and the Senate as a "millionaire’s club" serving powerful private interests.
One Progressive response to these concerns was the "Oregon system," which utilized a state primary election to identify the voters’ choice for Senator while pledging all candidates for the state legislature to honor the primary’s result. Over half of the states adopted the "Oregon system," but the 1912 Senate investigation of bribery and corruption in the election of Illinois Senator William Lorimer indicated that only a constitutional amendment mandating the direct election of Senators by a state’s citizenry would allay public demands for reform.
When the House passed proposed amendments for the direct election of Senators in 1910 and 1911, they included a "race rider" meant to bar Federal intervention in cases of racial discrimination among voters. This would be done by vesting complete control of Senate elections in state governments. A substitute amendment by Senator Joseph L. Bristow of Kansas provided for the direct election of Senators without the "race rider." It was adopted by the Senate on a close vote before the proposed constitutional amendment itself passed the Senate. Over a year later, the House accepted the change, and on April 8, 1913, the resolution became the 17th amendment.
Answer:ancient Egyptian pharaohs were leaders who were also considered gods.
Explanation:
B. Oliver Cromwell led the Puritan forces against the king<span>
The English Civil War led to the rise of the Commonwealth. So option “b” is the correct option as far as the given question is concerned. This Commonwealth period started in the year 1640 and continues till 1660. During this Civil War period the authority of King Charles I was challenged by the people and this ultimately led to the execution of King Charles I. The son of Charles I again started the rule of Monarchy in the year 1660.
</span><span>They believed blacks were entitled to the same political rights and opportunities as whites. They also believed that confederate leaders should be punished for their roles in the civil war.<span>The Republican Radicals felt that extraordinary times called for direct intervention in state affairs and laws designed to protect the emancipated blacks. At the heart of their belief was the notion that blacks must be given a chance to compete in a free-labor economy. In 1866, the activist congress introduced a bill to extend the life of the Freedmen's Bureau and began work on a Civil Rights Bill.
</span></span>
