The answer is B. Although the colonists were the same British citizens as in Britain, they were treated very differently. Colonists were seen as poor, unsophisticated underlings that could not think for themselves. The British saw themselves as an older brother, someone who watches over the colonists to make sure they don’t make a mess of things.
A guild provided security for the merchants
Fields became more productive, spurring population growth.
Scientists monitor the amount of snow and rainfall in the region in order to predict when floods may occur. If the water levels rise above “safe” level, then it means that a flood is likely to happen and the authorities can inform the inhabitants of that place that there is danger incoming if the flood is likely to be a big one.