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Gnesinka [82]
3 years ago
12

Consider public policy aimed at smoking.A. Studies indicate that the price elasticity of demand for cigarettes is about 0.4. If

a pack of cigarettes currently costs $5 and the government wants to reduce smoking by 20%, by how much should it increase the price?B. If the government permanently increases the price of cigarettes, will the policy have a larger effect on smoking 1 year from now or 5 years from now?
C. Studies also find out that teenagers have a higher price elasticity than do adults. Why might this be true?
Business
1 answer:
Ede4ka [16]3 years ago
3 0

Answer:

A. Elasticity measure the change in quantity demanded that comes with a change in price. The elasticity formula is;

Elasticity = %change in quantity demanded / % change in price

0.4 = 20% / %change in price

%Change in price =  20%/0.4

= 0.5

= Increase price by 50%

= 50% * 5 = $2.50

<em>Government should increase the price by $2.50 to make it $7.50. </em>

B. Effect is larger 5 years from now

Effect will be larger 5 years from now than 1 year from now. This is because in 5 years the high prices would have forced smokers to look for more alternatives to smoking than in a year.

C. Teenagers have less income.

Teenagers likely have a higher price elasticity because they do not have the income to support an increase in the price of cigarettes so when the prices increase, they buy less than adults who are more likely to have an income stream.

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1. Identify and briefly discuss three factors which influence the choice of crops produced by commercial farmers?[ 2. What is th
wolverine [178]

Answer:

1. a) Location,

    b) earnings

    c) Whether the crop can be produced by its resources or not

Explanation:

Farmer traders consider location as an important element for their crops, the location depends on the quality of the land and the taxes it will pay, and the location of their crop is important for the transport of their products to ensure they arrive in the best condition to the market.

Likewise, the farmer considers as an influential factor how much profit he will obtain with the harvested product, choosing to cultivate the one that produces the greatest benefits, also he must consider having all the labor and resources that are necessary to carry out his harvest and be able to transport it to market it.      

2. Dairy producers need to consider the proximity of farms to the distribution market because the product has a limited time to go expire .

Explanation:

Dairy products are the most delicate and difficult to transport since they have a short time to expire, this is one of the reasons that commercial farmers should take into account that the location of their farm is at a considerable distance from the market, in this way being able to transport their product more safely and distribute it without fear that it expires and lose all their profits.

3. A commercial farmer is concerned with two costs, one of which is the cost of transportation and the other cost is whether there will be a benefit to his crop.

Explanation:  

Commercial farmers at the time of cultivation consider two very important costs for them, one of them the cost of transporting their products to the place of distribution, so they must ensure that it is not very high since it is also important for them the benefit they will get, for this reason, farmers take care that the investment is less so they can enjoy good profits.

   

4. Von Thunen's theory mentions that the distance to the market is a critical point for farmers. Von Thunen explains that a farmer's earnings may decrease the further from the market where he sells his products.

Explanation:

5.  1. One of Von Thunen's assumptions is that there is only one market available and it is self-sufficient without outside influence.

    2. Another assumption is the physical environment is uniform; without rivers, mountains, etc.

    3. And one last assumption is that all farmers act to maximize profits.

Explanation:

1. In Von Thunen's first assumption, he considers there is only one market available and it does not need external influences, but this assumption may not be so correct since there cannot be a single market due to the consumer demand that exists and because there are other farmers from different cities that will bring their products, also cities need an external influence for change, and changes are necessary for the growth of the city.

2. In his theory, Von Thunen mentions the physical environment of the places for agricultural production is uniform, which is difficult due to the landforms that create modifications in the terrain, this uniformity that Thunen mentions could only be achieved if the grounds were modified by men.

3. Thunen's last assumption mentions a very successful situation where farmers carry out actions to obtain the greatest profits, they will continue working to continue obtaining the best benefits.

6. 1. In the middle ring is the market. The market is central because it is the most important part of the city and is easily accessible from the surrounding areas.

   2. The next ring consists of intensive farming and dairy. These products are closer because they are in higher demand and other products can expire.

  3. The next ring is the forest. Wood was also in high demand due to the fact that it was used for heating and cooking. And it had this location because the wood was very heavy and difficult to transport.

  4. The penultimate ring was used for extensive cultivation as bread grains. These are lighter, which makes them easier to transport and cost less money.

  5. And finally, the final outer ring is used for livestock. Animals can be born and raised further from the market because they transport themselves, which means there is no need for fuel, saving the farmer money.

Explanation:  

Von Thunen in his theory mentioned the importance of geographical distribution in agriculture, in which merchant farmers could take advantage of the conditions of the land. For Thunen the distribution and location of the land in an appropriate way would generate the best benefits, for it must organize from the most essential and difficult to transport to the easiest to transport, in this way, for Von Thunen the rings in the markets should be formed.

   

<em>I hope this information can help you.</em>

5 0
3 years ago
10. Uneven cash flows A series of cash flows may not always necessarily be an annuity. Cash flows can also be uneven and variabl
GaryK [48]

Answer:

$1,155,478

Explanation:

Present value is the sum of discounted cash flows

Present value can be found using a financial calculator

Cash flow in year 1 = $100,000

Cash flow in year 2 =  $20,000

Cash flow in year 3 = $480,000

Cash flow in year 4 = $450,000

Cash flow in year 5 = $550,000

I = 9%

Present value = $1,155,478

To find the PV using a financial calculator:

1. Input the cash flow values by pressing the CF button. After inputting the value, press enter and the arrow facing a downward direction.

2. after inputting all the cash flows, press the NPV button, input the value for I, press enter and the arrow facing a downward direction.  

3. Press compute  

5 0
3 years ago
What is the meaning of deplation​
slava [35]

Answer: The meaning of depletion to allocate the cost of extracting natural resources like oil and minerals from the earth.

Explanation:

  • The term depletion is a concept generally we use in tax and accounting.
  • The meaning of depletion is to move the cost of extracting natural resources like oil and minerals from the earth to the income sheets.
  • It is a non-cash expense that lowers the cost value of an asset gradually scheduling charges to the income.
  • To evaluate the depletion per unit we divide the total cost less salvage value by the total number of estimated units.

5 0
3 years ago
Luther Corporation Consolidated Balance Sheet December​ 31, 2006 and 2005​ (in $​ millions) Assets 2006 2005 Liabilities and ​St
jeyben [28]

Answer:

Luther Corporation

Current Ratio for 2006 is closest to:

1.1 : 1

Explanation:

a) Data and Calculations:

Total Current Assets = $144 million

Total Current Liabilities = $132 million

Current Ratio = Current Assets/Current Liabilities

= $144/$132

= 1.1 : 1

b) Luther Corporation's current ratio is a liquidity measure that shows Luther's ability to pay off short-term obligations worth $132 million or those due within one year with its current assets of $144 million.  The ratio tells investors and analysts of Luther Corporation how Luther can use its current assets to pay off its current debts.  Since Luther's current ratio is higher than 1, it is considered good, depending on the industry average.  This means that Luther's current ratio of 1.1 : 1 should not be considered in isolation, but in comparison with other firms in the industry and its performance over a number of years.

6 0
3 years ago
Several factors can contribute to long-term organizational success. one is the establishment of a core ideology that collins and
andrew11 [14]

Original Source Material

Student Version

Merck, in fact, epitomizes the ideological nature--the pragmatic idealism--of highly visionary companies. Our research showed that a fundamental element in the "ticking clock" of a visionary company is a core ideology--core values and a sense of purpose beyond just making money--that guides and inspires people throughout the organization and remains relatively fixed for long periods of time.

References:

Collins, J. C., & Porras, J. I. (2002). Built to last: Successful habits of visionary companies. New York, NY: Harper Paperbacks.

Several factors can contribute to long-term organizational success. One is the establishment of a core ideology that Collins and Porras (2002) describe as "core values and sense of purpose beyond just making money" (p. 48). Also, the importance of a visionary leader that guides and inspires people throughout the organization and remains relatively fixed for long periods of time is hard to over emphasize.

References:

Collins, J. C., & Porras, J. I. (2002). Built to last: Successful habits of visionary companies. New York, NY: Harper Paperbacks.

Which of the following is true for the Student Version above?

Word-for-Word plagiarism

Paraphrasing plagiarism

This is not plagiarism

This is not plagiarism.

Answer: Option 3.

<u>Explanation:</u>

Plagiarism in very simple words is the copying of the content of the document that has been written by some one else in to your own document. During this copying the due acknowledgement is also not given to the document from which it has been taken.

The document that has been talked about in the question above is not an example of plagiarism. The proof for this is the due acknowledgement given to the references from whose document the content has been taken into the document.

8 0
3 years ago
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