Islamic religious culture
The teachings of Islam began with the prophet Mohammad (570-632). The Islamic calendar dates the starting point of Islam in 622 on the Julian calendar, the year of Mohammad's <em>hegira </em>from Mecca to Medina with his followers to avoid an assassination plot in Mecca. Within a few years his following had grown and he returned to Mecca as headquarters of the Islamic faith. By the 8th century Islam had spread throughout the Middle East and North Africa and as far as the southern half of the Iberian peninsula.
C, the chinese government recently lowered taxes on all foreign imports
Nicholas II or Nikolai II (Russian: Николай II Алекса́ндрович, tr. Nikolai II Aleksandrovich; 18 May [O.S. 6 May] 1868 – 17 July 1918), known as Saint Nicholas the Passion-Bearer in the Russian Orthodox Church, was the last Emperor of Russia, ruling from 1 November 1894 until his forced abdication on 15 March 1917.
