The answer is the second one or Supranationalism
The Crusades were initiated by the Catholic Church in order to gain control of Jerusalem again, as it has fallen into the hands of the Muslims. While the Catholic Church had its goals in conquering Jerusalem, including wealth and power, it didn't foresee that the organizing of the Crusades its going to actually backfire on it and make the biggest blow to it.
The Crusades themselves had mixed outcome, sometimes winning, sometimes losing. What had much greater effect was that the Crusaders managed to bring in Europe lot of things from Asia which turned out to change the course of the history.
Because the Crusaders were in constant contact with the Muslims, they brought in numerous technological advancement in Europe. Also, through them, some of the ancient literature from Greece and Rome came back to Europe.
This prompted a huge interest among the people, especially the ones higher in the hierarchy, as they saw the potential of the new technology, but also the potential for the future based on the ancient literature. The end result was technological boom in Europe, loss of power by the Catholic Church, the Age of Discoveries, or all put in one, the Renaissance.
Explanation:
Given the scope of violence in Mexico, calculating its economic impact is necessary to assess the financial burden it places on the country's society.
According to the 2018 Mexico Peace Index (MPI), the cost of violence in Mexico in 2017 was 4.72 trillion pesos (US $249 billion).
This is the equivalent of 21% of the country's gross domestic product.
Given the high cost of violence, Mexico's investment in its prevention is surprisingly low.
In 2017, the federal government set aside only 1% of GDP for public order and safety expenditures.
Spanish:
Dado el alcance de la violencia en México, el cálculo de su impacto económico es necesario para evaluar la carga financiera que representa para la sociedad del país.
Según el Índice de Paz de México (IPM) 2018, el costo de la violencia en México en 2017 fue de 4.72 mil millones de pesos (US $ 249 mil millones).
Esto es equivalente al 21% del producto interno bruto del país.
Dado el alto costo de la violencia, la inversión de México en su prevención es sorprendentemente baja.
En 2017, el gobierno federal reservó solo el 1% del PIB para los gastos de orden público y de seguridad.
