Answer:
Correct option is C.
Explanation:
Gram staining is a technique of separation of the bacteria based on the cell wall composition. Steps involved in gram staining are:
1) Primary stain application which is known as crystal voilet, it stains all cells purple/blue.
2) Mordant stain application which is known as iodine solution, is added, and form crystal iodine complex, all cells continue to stain blue/purple.
3) Decoloration step, in this step, we can differentiate gram negative or gram positive bacteria. So, decolorizing agent such as ethanol or acetone extracts blue color from thin walled peptidoglycan layer gram negative bacteria, and gram positive bacteria remain blue/purple because it contains thick walled peptidoglycan layer.
4) Counterstain application in this step safranin red dye stain the gram negative decolorized cells red/pink, and gram positive bacteria remain same blue.
So, if a student is performing a Gram stain of a mixed culture of both E. coli and S. aureus, and he forgets to decolorize with ethanol Both the bacteria should appear blue/purple color.
It increases the surface area for energy production
Answer:B
Explanation:
In C3 plant fixation of carbon occurs rubisco the Calvin cycle enzyme that add CO2 to ribulose bisphosphate to produce a three carbon compound 3-phosphoglycerate.
C4 plants have an alternate mode of carbon fixation that forms a four-carbon compound as its first products. In C4 plants there are two distinct types of photosynthetic cells; bundle-sheath cells and mesophyll cells. The Calvin cycle is confined in the chloroplasts of the bundle-sheath cell.
In the first step of this mechanisms an enzyme present only in the mesophyll PEP carboxylase adds CO2 to PEP to form oxaloacetate a four-carbon products.
The four-carbon is exported to the bundle-shealth cells where it releases CO2, which is reassimilated into organic material by rubisco and the Calvin cycle. The same reaction regenerate pyruvate. ATP is used to convert pyruvate to PEP, allowing the reaction cycle to continue.
In C4 plants ATP is the price for concentrating CO2 in the bundle-shealth. C4 photosynthesis has higher ATP requirements than the C3 pathway.
Alleles can be either dominant or recessive.
Dominant alleles show their effect even if the individual only has one copy of the genes, For example, the allele for brown eyes is dominant, therefore you only need one copy of the 'brown eye' allele to have brown eyes ;although, with two copies you will still have brown eyes.
If both alleles are dominant, it is called co-dominance. The resulting characteristic is due to both alleles being expressed equally. An example of this is the blood group AB which is the result of co-dominance of the A and B dominant alleles.
Recessive alleles only show their effect if the individual has two copies of the allele. For example, the allele for blue eyes is recessive, therefore to have blue eyes you need to have two copies of the 'blue eye' allele.
Illustration showing the inheritance of dominant and recessive alleles for eye colour.
Answer:
dna to rna and then rna to protein
Explanation:
