I can tell you who invented them: Benjamin Franklin. And, while he wasn't president, he is on the $100 bill. It did happen during the time period Declaration of Independence, which he signed.
The *Red Scare* was a wholly unjustified political ploy that crippled the ability of the USA to deal with the USSR in a forthright manner so no it was not justified in the least.
It was premiered by the Kronos Quartet in 1988 and it was released at the same time as his Different trains which won a Grammy in 1989. It has been used by many and is a contemporary masterpiece of classical music, focusing on minimalism having few instruments and a simple tune.
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New Technologies allowed for motion pictures to be captured in a much easier way. For example in the set of photographs called Horse in Motion by Muybridge, 1878, He was able to answer the question that was When a horse trots or gallops, does it ever become fully airborne? Railroad tycoon and former California governor Leland Stanford was convinced the answer was yes and commissioned Muybridge to provide proof. Muybridge developed a way to take photos with an exposure lasting a fraction of a second and, with reporters as witnesses, arranged 12 cameras along a track on Stanford’s estate. That then helped pave the way for the motion-picture industry, born a short decade later.
One of the thing that African rulers performed in exchange for loyalty from their people was to let some local rulers to keep their power.
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