Answer and explanation;
-The insulin receptor itself has decreased kinase activity leading to fewer binding sites for singling effectors to become activated.
Therefore; the signaling effectors are less likely to be activated.
-Additionally,, feedback inhibition decreases signaling effector binding to receptor.
-The lack of activation of these initial signaling effectors prevents any subsequent steps from happening.
-We can thus conclude this by saying that higher insulin concentrations are necessary to obtain the same level of signaling leading to physiological effects that would exist in someone without type-2 diabetes.
-Also the requirement for higher insulin concentration means that the cells that respond to insulin are resistant to its effect.
Answer:
Peptide bond
Explanation:
Peptide a short chain of amino acid; therefore the bond present is called peptide bond
Decomposers
Producers
Primary consumers
Secondary consumers
Tertiary consumers
deoxyribose sugar in DNA and ribose sugar in RNA.
DNA contains THYMINE but RNA contains URACIL in place ot that and all other nitrogen bases are same.
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