1answer.
Ask question
Login Signup
Ask question
All categories
  • English
  • Mathematics
  • Social Studies
  • Business
  • History
  • Health
  • Geography
  • Biology
  • Physics
  • Chemistry
  • Computers and Technology
  • Arts
  • World Languages
  • Spanish
  • French
  • German
  • Advanced Placement (AP)
  • SAT
  • Medicine
  • Law
  • Engineering
spayn [35]
3 years ago
5

The first mention of slavery in the statutes of the English colonies of North America does not occur until after 1660-some forty

years after the importation of the first Black people. Lest we think that slavery existed in fact before it did in law, Oscar and Mary Handlin assure us that the status of Black people down to the 1660's was that of servants. A critique of the Handlins' interpretation of why legal slavery did not appear until the 1660's suggests that assumptions about the relation between slavery and racial prejudice should be reexamined and that explanations for the different treatment of Black slaves in North and South America should be expanded.
The Handlins explain the appearance of legal slavery by arguing that, during the 1660's, the position of White servants was improving relative to that of Black servants. Thus, the Handlins contend, Black and White servants heretofore treated alike, each attained a different status. There are, however, important objections to this argument. First, the Handlins cannot adequate!y demonstrate that the White servant's position was improving during and after the 1660's; several acts of the Maryland and Virginia legislatures indicate otherwise. Another flaw in the Handlins' interpretation is their assumption that prior to the establishment of legal slavery there was no discrimination against Black people. It is true that before the 1660's Black people were rarely called slaves. But this should not overshadow evidence from the 1630's on that points to racial discrimination without using the term slavery. Such discrimination sometimes stopped short of lifetime servitude or inherited status-the two attributes of true slavery-yet in other cases it included both. The Handlins' argument excludes the real possibility that Black people in the English colonies were never treated as the equals of White people.

This possibility has important ramifications. If from the outset Black people were discriminated against, then legal slavery should be viewed as a reflection and an extension of racial prejudice rather than, as many hIstorians including the Handlins have argued, the cause of prejudice. In addition, the existence of discrimination before the advent of legal slavery offers a further explanation for the harsher treatment of Black slaves in North than in South America. Freyre and Tannenbaum have rightly argued that the lack of certain traditions in North America-such as a Roman conception of slavery and a Roman Catholic emphasis on equality-explains why the treatment of Black slaves was more severe there than in the Spanish and Portuguese colonies of South America. But this cannot be the whole explanation since it is merely negative, based only on a lack of something. A more compelling explanation is that the early and sometimes extreme racial discrimination in the English colonies helped determine the particular nature of the slavery that followed.

Which of the following statements best describes the organization of the first paragraph of the passage?

(A) A historical trend is sketched and an exception to that trend is cited.
(B) Evidence for a historical irregularity is mentioned and a generalization from that evidence is advanced.
(C) A paradox about the origins of an institution is pointed out and the author's explanation of the paradox is expounded.
(D) A statement about a historical phenomenon is offered and a possible misinterpretation of that statement is addressed.
(E) An interpretation of the rise of an institution is stated and evidence for that interpretation is provided.
History
1 answer:
Gelneren [198K]3 years ago
6 0

Answer:

(D) A statement about a historical phenomenon is offered and a possible misinterpretation of that statement is addressed.

Explanation:

I hope this helped! :)

You might be interested in
How was the system of silent barter a major advantage to the Wangarans?
evablogger [386]

Answer:

It helped to guard the secret location of their gold mines.

Explanation:

8 0
3 years ago
How did life change for women during World War II?
bearhunter [10]

During World War II, many men were gone fighting in the war. This meant that women had to take jobs that were traditionally occupied by men. Women, as it turns out, as just as smart as men (sarcasm) and women realized that staying home wasn't their only option.

5 0
3 years ago
Read 2 more answers
Which of the following was a reason that Roosevelt sued the Northern Securities Company? Northern Securities controlled all rail
olchik [2.2K]

The correct answer is A.

<em>The Northern Securities Company</em> was formed in the year 1901 in the state of New Jersey. It was the merging of holdings of the following railroad companies: Northern Pacific Railway, Great Northern Railway, Chicago, Burlington and Quincy Railroad.

<em>This merger created a monopoly that monopolized the railway traffic between Chicago and the Northwest.</em>

President Roosevelt, fearing restraint of trade and competition, sued the company in 1902 under the Sherman Antitrust Act ( this acts regulated the competition among enterprises).

The government won the case and the company was dissolved. The three railroad companies started to operate individually again.

6 0
3 years ago
Read 2 more answers
How many british and french soldiers fought in the battle of the somme?
Archy [21]
1 million French 3 million British
5 0
3 years ago
Read 2 more answers
What were some of the similarities and differences between the 1st and 2nd Industrial Revolutions?
aalyn [17]

Answer:

Here ya go boy

Explanation:

The Industrial Revolution was one of the most important events in human history and dramatically transformed life for people throughout the world.  While it first began in Britain, its effects later spread to other parts of Europe, the Americas and now parts of Asia.  In general, the Industrial Revolution unfolded in a series of stages which historians refer to as the First Industrial Revolution and the Second Industrial Revolution.

The First Industrial Revolution began in the 18th century and focused primarily on textile manufacturing and steam power.  During this time period inventors across Europe and the United States created devices and machines that mechanized production.  For example, the steam was a vitally important invention to the revolution because it lessened the need for manual labor.  The first steam engine was created by Thomas Newcomen in 1712.  Newcomen produced items for tin mine owners who often complained that they were struggling to deal with flooding in their mines. Traditional methods of removing water from the mines were slow, and hard work. Newcomen realized that he could help the tin mine owners. He developed a pump engine that used a piston in a cylinder; it was the first of its kind.  In the 1760’s, James Watt improved on and perfected the design first produced by Thomas Newcomen.  In 1764, Watt was given a Newcomen steam engine to repair. He started working on it and soon realized that it was inefficient. As a result, Watt wanted to improve the design. He was successful, and found a way to prevent steam from escaping from the engine by adding a separate condensing chamber. Watt patented his new steam engine design, and it paved the way for other mechanical design work.

Textile manufacturing was benefitted from the effects of the First Industrial Revolution and there were several inventions that streamlined the manufacturing process.  In 1733, the clockmaker John Kay invented the flying shuttle, which replaced the handheld shuttle used in weaving. His invention sped up the weaving process and allowed for faster production such that weavers were outpacing spinners.  In 1764, James Hargreaves, a carpenter, developed a way to speed up spinning. He did this by attaching several spindles to a single spinning wheel. Using this spinning jenny, as it was called, a person could spin several threads at once.  In 1769, Richard Arkwright developed a spinning machine, called the water frame, that could hold up to 100 spindles and was capable of producing strong yarn. The machine replaced the need for manual labour and enabled the production of inexpensive spun cotton by the use of moving water from a creek or river. It was important at the time because cotton was used for clothing and other everyday items.  In 1793, the American Eli Whitney invented the cotton gin - a machine that automated and sped up the separation of cottonseed from the short-staple cotton fiber. The invention helped the British cotton industry because it increased the production of cotton and made it cheaper.  Samuel Slater is considered to be the “Father of the American Industrial Revolution” when he introduced British industrial techniques into American textile mills in the late 18th century.  Slater, who was born in England, arrived in the United States in 1789 and having memorized many of the techniques used in British factories, used his knowledge to develop similar production methods in the United States.  For example, he helped a fledgling textile mill in Rhode Island in 1793 with the operation of its spindle frame.  Soon, Slater’s designs were spreading across the east coast of the United States in numerous other textile operations.

The Second Industrial Revolution began in the mid-19th century and continued until World War I in 1917.  While the First Industrial Revolution centered on textile manufacturing and the innovation of the steam engine, the Second Industrial Revolution focused instead on steel production, the automobile and advances in electricity.  Discoveries in the field of electricity improved communication technologies. In 1866, the first underwater telegraph cable across the Atlantic Ocean was successfully installed, and ten years later, Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone.  In the late 1800’s American Thomas Edison produced an amazing array of inventions. Among them were the phonograph and the incandescent light bulb.  In 1886, German scientist Gottlieb Daimler devised an internal combustion engine that was fuelled by gasoline and could power a small vehicle. His invention was one of the biggest advances in transportation technology since the development of the steam engine. Daimler would use his engine to create one of the first automobiles.  An improvement in production was the introduction of the assembly line by Henry Ford in 1914.

7 0
3 years ago
Other questions:
  • When did the Egyptians take measures to prevent further conquest by outsiders, once they had finally forced out the Hyksos?
    14·1 answer
  • Which of the programs listed was designed to bring economic aid to postwar Europe?
    13·1 answer
  • The Philippine War: Select one: a. was far longer and bloodier than the Spanish-American War. b. is well remembered today. c. wa
    8·2 answers
  • The purpose of the 1964 Freedom Summer Project promoted by SNCC in Mississippi was
    15·1 answer
  • Based on the female figurines that have been excavated what do researchers theorize
    10·1 answer
  • Why is Artemisia Gentileschi important?
    12·1 answer
  • What were the reaons of decline of Zhou Dynasty
    9·1 answer
  • Who serves as both the head of government and the head of state in South Korea? Chairman (Dictator) Premier President Prime Mini
    6·1 answer
  • What effect did the sinking of the Lusitania have on World War I?
    7·1 answer
  • How did John Adams assist George Washington
    6·2 answers
Add answer
Login
Not registered? Fast signup
Signup
Login Signup
Ask question!