Answer: The executive official that are most closely associated with lawmaking is the Legislative Branch.
Explanation:
The Legislative Branch consists of 16 standing (or permanent) committees; the House of Representatives has 22. Each specializes in specific areas of legislation: foreign affairs, defense, banking, agriculture, commerce, appropriations and other fields.
Every bill introduced in either house is referred to a committee for study and recommendation. The committee may approve, revise, kill or ignore any measure referred to it. It is nearly impossible for a bill to reach the House or Senate floor without first winning committee approval. In the House, a petition to discharge a bill from a committee requires the signatures of 218 members; in the Senate, a majority of all members is required. In practice, such discharge motions only rarely receive the required support.
Source: http://www.let.rug.nl/usa/outlines/government-1991/the-legislative-branch-the-reach-of-congress/the-lawmaking-process.php
 
        
             
        
        
        
A. Socialism 
The definition of socialism is a political and economic theory of social organization which advocates that the means of production, distribution, and exchange should be owned or regulated by the community as a whole.
        
                    
             
        
        
        
The correct answer to this open question is the following.
Arthur Young states that there is a great difference between the “lower people” in England and France. Who does he blame for that difference?
He blamed the government of France. Why? Because it oppressed the French people and forced them to pay heavy taxation. That is why the woman had a sad wrinkled face that reflected pain and desperation. 
The life of the woman Arthur Young met was of poverty, suffering, pain, and despair. She was a very poor woman like many French people from the Third State. In comparison, the lives of Louis XVI, Marie Antoinette, and other members of the First and Second Estates were full of unnecessary luxuries and flamboyant styles, when the people of France were starving. That is why the French Revolution started, for the many injustices and poverty, while the French crown lived a luxurious life.