Answer:
a
The 95% confidence interval is 
b
The sample proportion is 
c
The critical value is 
d
The standard error is 
Step-by-step explanation:
From the question we are told that
The sample size is n = 200
The number of defective is k = 18
The null hypothesis is 
The alternative hypothesis is 
Generally the sample proportion is mathematically evaluated as

Given that the confidence level is 95% then the level of significance is mathematically evaluated as



Next we obtain the critical value of
from the normal distribution table, the value is

Generally the standard of error is mathematically represented as

substituting values


The margin of error is

=> 
=> 
The 95% confidence interval is mathematically represented as

=> 
=> 
Cosine is the second one the first one is Sine and the last one is tangent
Step-by-step explanation:
The figure below shows a portion of the graph of the function
, hence the average rate of change (slope of the blue line) between the
and
is

