An aging population, a high infertility, and a lack of food and water.
Examples of primary reinforcers include: food, drink and pleasure.
Secondary reinforcers include grades. Have a good day
Important changes in the Middle East between the 13th and 15th centuries include the 13 Century end of the First Crusade and the capture/founding of Jerusalem. After that came the rise of the Mongol/Turkish/Ottoman Empire during the 14th Century. The Ottoman transcontinental Empire controlled much of North Africa, Western Asia, and Southeast Europe. This led to the creation of important transcontinental trade routes and a boom of economic trade between the continents.
Pushing the Mongols north and fighting them, and the rebuilding of Beijing caused the Chinese decision to abandon major expeditions.
The most ethical action the football player could take is to report the hazard. He would be tempted by his desire to succeed/win the playoff, as it is an important game. If I was the football player, I would report the hazard because if I didn’t, someone could get hurt or my team could be punished/forced to forfeit.