Answer: Because they had heard about the Spartan defeat at Thermopylae, and thought the Persians would destroy Athens. How were the Greeks able to defeat the Persian fleet, even though they were outnumbered?The invasion, consisting of two distinct campaigns, was ordered by the Persian king Darius the Great primarily in order to punish the city-states of Athens and Eretria. These cities had supported the cities of Ionia during their revolt against Persian rule, thus incurring the wrath of Darius.
Explanation:
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In the the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk Russia had to abandon
Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Russian Poland, Part of Belarus, Ukraine, Bessarabia, and Parts of the Caucasus to the Ottoman Empire
The Germans hoped to turn most of these countries into German satellite states.
In addition, Russia had to agree to pay about US$ 6 billion in reparations to Germany.
They changed from following a policy of Isolationism to becoming a superpower on the world stage
I think the Victorians created astonishing innovation and change. This age was one of paradox and power.