The first large movement of blacks occurred during World War I, when 454,000 black southerners moved north. In the 1920s, another 800,000 blacks left the south, followed by 398,000 blacks in the 1930s. Between 1940 and 1960 over 3,348,000 blacks left the south for northern and western cities.
<span>The economic motivations for migration were a combination of the desire to escape oppressive economic conditions in the south and the promise of greater prosperity in the north. Since their </span>Emancipation from slavery<span>, southern rural blacks had suffered in a plantation economy that offered little chance of advancement. While a few blacks were lucky enough to purchase land, most were sharecroppers, tenant farmers, or farm labors, barely subsiding from year to year. When </span>World War I<span> created a huge demand for workers in northern factories, many southern blacks took this opportunity to leave the oppressive economic conditions in the south. </span>
<span>The northern demand for workers was a result of the loss of about 5 million men who left to serve in the armed forces, also as the restriction of foreign immigration. A few sectors of the economy were so desperate for workers at this time that they would pay for blacks to migrate north. The Pennsylvania Railroad needed workers so badly that it paid the travel expenses of 12,000 blacks. The Illinois Central Railroad, along with many steel mills, factories, and tanneries, similarly provided free railroad passes for blacks. World War I was the first time since Emancipation that black labor was in demand outside of the agricultural south, and the economic promise was enough for a lot blacks to overcome their substantial challenges to migrate. </span>
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Executive as Secratary of State (foriegn affairs at that time) and Judicial as the chief justice of the supreme court.
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In 1783 in Britain, and most of the world, slavery was an accepted and legal practice.
Sick slave being thrown overboardIn that year, a case was heard before the British courts. The insurer of the slave ship Zong, which carried African slaves from Africa to the Americas, refused to pay a claim for “lost cargo”. That lost cargo was more than 100 sick slaves that had been thrown overboard by the ship’s captain, so that their value could be claimed against the insurers. If the slaves had died of natural causes (their sickness), no claim could be brought against the insurers. The insurers won their case. Efforts to bring murder charges against the ship owners failed. The slaves were not human beings they were goods.
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The granges influence weakened
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After the fact of the failing grange the farmer's alliance came to be
