It is an appeal to Ethos as it comes from a point of authority of knowledge on a subject.
Literature is generally used in English Language Teaching (ELT) for the development of knowledge about the language. It helps the learners to get familiar with the socio-political backgrounds of target language society and also makes them understand how communication takes place in a particular community.
The word empty as an over whelming negative connotation when you are feeling empty you are typically in a lowered state, and or sad/depressed.
Answer:
D. what elements are used, and do they help the author’s purpose?
Explanation:
This is the only one out of the four options that would lead you to conduct an in-depth analysis.