Under this view of federalism, the states and the federal government share powers - Cooperative Federalism
States hold all powers not specifically delegated to the federal government in the U.S. Constitution under this view of federalism - Dual Federalism
The national governments and the governments of all 50 states are viewed as sovereign entities, possessing the power to govern themselves - Dual Federalism
The relationship between the federal and state governments involves shared responsibilities according to this view of federalism - Cooperative Federalism
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Explanation:
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The Constitution of the United States strives to achieve a balance between the powers that are given to both the federal and state governments. In an attempt to achieve the balance in power, it embraces different views and ideologies which primarily seem standing opposite to each other.
The idea of dual federalism showcases the two types of governments as two distinct and independent entities, whereas, cooperative federalism shows the two types of governments as interdependent interactive entities of a single larger system.
The Reconstruction Era (1865-1877) would be considered a failure because it fails to protect the rights of newly freed slaves. Even though the 13th (which gets rid of slavery), 14th amendment (states that people born in the US are automatically citizens), and 15th amendment (government can not stop a person from voting based on race) are passed in hopes of helping these citizens, southern states find ways to ensure that African-Americans do not have the rights promised to them by the federal government.
A perfect example of this would be the creation of the Ku Klux Klan. This organization of white supremacist use terror and physical violence to prevent African-Americans from voting. Law enforcement officials in the south often let this group cause physical harm to African-Americans without punishing them. Another example of this would be the creation of literacy tests and poll taxes. These obstacles made it more difficult for African-Americans to vote in elections. As you can see, the Reconstruction era truly failed to protect and help African-Americans.
I believe that the answer to the question provided above is <span>the experiences of Jean Valjean are similar to those of many French people during this time period because they are all being maltreated.
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