If you are talking about the Revolutionary War, then the British were already an established independent government.
The Fourteenth Amendment's equal protection clause was enacted to ensure that all people have the same right within the law regardless of where they came from or the color of their skin.
This later on lead to the principle, that Even Government officials will have to be subjected to law just as ordinary citizen do. Which lead to the creation of check and balance system
hope this helps
The answer is b because the empire made an advance
Answer A. A group of countries that agree on prices for all goods exported from Europe