They reached their goal in 1897; however, a year later, Spain ceded the island to the United States under the provisions of the 1898 Treaty of Paris, which ended the Spanish-American War. In 1917, Puerto Rico became a U.S. territory and its people became U.S. citizens.
Some examples of states that developed at the edges of existing empires between 1750 and 1900 were the Cherokee nation, Siam, Hawai'i, and the Zulu Kingdom.
