Answer:
A) A deadly virus emerges that can pass from human to human.
C) A nuclear war breaks out between two nations.
D) Immigration to the United States from China increases.
Explanation:
I think these two options are the ones that could change in a direct way human population.
It has been shown that illnesses can become pandemics, meaning that they can be spread to large amounts of people around the world killing great part of them. An example is the Bubonic plague in the middle-age Europe, this epidemic killed one-third of the continent population. Although medicines and vaccines have developed since, globalization has become an important factor, a disease that could take months to go from one place to another can now spread rapidly.
Consequences of nuclear war have been shown, they can kill thousands of people in just a few minutes and leave horrible aftermath. The Nagasaki and Hiroshima bombs killed around 105,000 people instantly. If the number of bombs increased, the casualties could be of millions.
Although the immigration could affect the population, it is a very common human behaviour and it's impact could take years or generations to be seen. The new style of life, the resources needed, the policies, everything could affect it.