The infection caused by the fungus Pneumocystis jiroveci is pneumocystis pneumonia. It<span> is the most common opportunistic infection in persons with </span>HIV <span>infection. This infection is characterized by low-grade fever, shortness of breath and oxygen saturation lower than normal. </span>
As the Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) is very low, the glomerulus is not able to filter waste products into the renal tube. This decreases the rate of excretion of waste products. Ultimately, the respiration rate increases to remove excess of carbon dioxide from the blood.
<h3>What is Glomerular Filtration Rate?</h3>
- Glomerular Filtration Rate or GFR measures the amount of blood filtered by the kidneys per minute.
- It tells us about the health condition of the kidneys i.e. how well the kidney is able to filter blood.
- For normal kidneys, GFR is 60 or above. If GFR is below 60, it means a person has kidney disease. If the GFR reaches as low as 15, it indicates kidney failure.
- As the patient has chronic renal failure, the glomerulus does not work properly and it results in accumulation of fluids inside the body.
- The wastes get accumulated and the amount of deoxygenated blood increases.
- This will lead to increase in respiratory rate to increase the amount of oxygen and remove excess carbon dioxide in the blood.
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Question: Sam, a 70-year-old man with chronic renal failure, was in for a routine visit at the hospital. Progressive destruction of nephrons leads to chronic renal failure. Sam's blood work indicated low blood pH taken and potassium levels were outside of the normal range. Sam's estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was 15 mL/min with a high respiratory rate of 20 breaths per minute.
Why would Sam have an increase in respiratory rate? How does the increase in respiratory rate help?
The muscular system is an organ system consisting of skeletal, smooth and cardiac muscles. It permits movement of the body, maintains posture, and circulates blood throughout the body.
