Suffering (Dukkha):Suffering comes in many forms. Three obvious kinds of suffering correspond to the first three sights the Buddha saw on his first journey outside his palace: old age, sickness and death.But according to the Buddha, the problem of suffering goes much deeper. Life is not ideal: it frequently fails to live up to our expectations.Human beings are subject to desires and cravings, but even when we are able to satisfy these desires, the satisfaction is only temporary. Pleasure does not last; or if it does, it becomes monotonous.Even when we are not suffering from outward causes like illness or bereavement, we are unfulfilled, unsatisfied. This is the truth of suffering.Some people who encounter this teaching may find it pessimistic. Buddhists find it neither optimistic nor pessimistic, but realistic. Fortunately the Buddha's teachings do not end with suffering; rather, they go on to tell us what we can do about it and how to end it.
These are the three ultimate causes of suffering: A.Greed and desire, represented in art by a rooster B.Ignorance or delusion, represented by a pig C.Hatred and destructive urges, represented by a snake
The Third Noble Truth
Cessation of suffering (Nirodha):The Buddha taught that the way to extinguish desire, which causes suffering, is to liberate oneself from attachment.This is the third Noble Truth - the possibility of liberation.The Buddha was a living example that this is possible in a human lifetime. Nirvana:Nirvana means extinguishing. Attaining nirvana - reaching enlightenment - means extinguishing the three fires of greed, delusion and hatred.Someone who reaches nirvana does not immediately disappear to a heavenly realm. Nirvana is better understood as a state of mind that humans can reach. It is a state of profound spiritual joy, without negative emotions and fears.Someone who has attained enlightenment is filled with compassion for all living things.After death an enlightened person is liberated from the cycle of rebirth, but Buddhism gives no definite answers as to what happens next.The Buddha discouraged his followers from asking too many questions about nirvana. He wanted them to concentrate on the task at hand, which was freeing themselves from the cycle of suffering. Asking questions is like quibbling with the doctor who is trying to save your life.
The Fourth Noble Truth
Path to the cessation of suffering (Magga):The final Noble Truth is the Buddha's prescription for the end of suffering. This is a set of principles called the Eightfold Path.
The Eightfold Path is also called the Middle Way: it avoids both indulgence and severe asceticism, neither of which the Buddha had found helpful in his search for enlightenment.
1.Right Understanding - Sammā ditthi Accepting Buddhist teachings. (The Buddha never intended his followers to believe his teachings blindly, but to practise them and judge for themselves whether they were true.) 2.Right Intention - Sammā san̄kappa A commitment to cultivate the right attitudes. 3.Right Speech - Sammā vācā Speaking truthfully, avoiding slander, gossip and abusive speech. 4.Right Action - Sammā kammanta Behaving peacefully and harmoniously; refraining from stealing, killing and overindulgence in sensual pleasure. 4.Right Livelihood - Sammā ājīva Avoiding making a living in ways that cause harm, such as exploiting people or killing animals, or trading in intoxicants or weapons. 6.Right Effort - Sammā vāyāma Cultivating positive states of mind; freeing oneself from evil and unwholesome states and preventing them arising in future. 7.Right Mindfulness - Sammā sati Developing awareness of the body, sensations, feelings and states of mind. 8.Right Concentration - Sammā samādhi Developing the mental focus necessary for this awareness. The eight stages can be grouped into Wisdom (right understanding and intention), Ethical Conduct (right speech, action and livelihood) and Meditation (right effort, mindfulness and concentration).
The Buddha described the Eightfold Path as a means to enlightenment, like a raft for crossing a river. Once one has reached the opposite shore, one no longer needs the raft and can leave it behind.
The birthrate in most of developing countries is higher than in developed ones. Here are some reasons :
Women have little control over their lives. They don't always have access to birth control.
Less developed countries depend on farming, and to do that, families need more children to work in the farms. The more children you have, the more workers you'll have.
Abortion is not readily available.
Religious and/or cultural point of views encourage more children.
Sad but true, in many cultures, boys are valued more than girls, so the couples who start off with girls will keep having babies until they have a boy.
Most States had their names derived from a simple Linguistic tradition of naming a place according to what the locals called it.
Explanation:
If we study the etymology of the names of US States, it becomes very clear that as Europeans started to take over local lands, they wanted to maintain the 'exotic factor' and uniqueness of the land and it's location tradition.
Even today, the names honor the long lost tribes and languages of North America.
For example, The State of IOWA is named after the local native American tribes of the Iwoas. KANSAS is named after the local tribe of Kaw, another native American tribe.
Some other names pay tribute to what others called their home. For example the Sioux tribe used to call their home Dakota, which means friends in their language. Today, the State is called Dakota.
Other States have even more interesting origins such as the State of Georgia which was named after King George of England.
Forced Labor: Spanish soldiers and priests imposed a harsh forced-labor system called encomienda, which resembled slavery. Religion: Spanish soldiers and priests were intent on converting the Pueblo Indians to Christianity and prevented the Pueblo Indians from communing with their gods.
