Code Noir was set by the French to help them regulate slavery and punishment. The Code required people that were colonized to provide food every week to the French. However, in Haiti, it did not function well as the people could only provide water and potatoes to the French. Also, the fact that the average lifespan of the "slaves" in Haiti was just 7 years didn't help the cause.
The battle of Stalingrad was the major turning point.
Two things the GI Bill did for returning military personnel was giving them affordable education and providing affordable housing.
Johannes Gutenburg created the printing press during the renaissance. It was important because it made the mass production of printed materials possible. It also lead to a much wider dissemination of knowledge and literacy throughout the socioeconomics classes.