Richard Milhous Nixon (1913–1994) was the 37th President of the United States from 1969 until 1974 and the only president to resign from the position. Since the 1950s, Richard Nixon had been a strong anti-communist. Though, by the time he became president in January 1969, Nixon's thinking had changed. In the increasingly serious atmosphere of the Cold War, Nixon wanted to bargain with the Soviet Union.
Nixon realized there was a growing split between the Russians and the Chinese, which he intended to use as a tool. In March 1969, a frontier dispute between China and the Soviet Union came close to a full-scale war. That conflict gave Nixon the chance to begin his China game, by performing a move toward the Chinese to increase his leverage against the Russians, and maintain relations with the Russians as leverage against the Chinese.
To accomplish this, he decided to visit China in 1972 and developed a strategic and diplomatic approach that signaled the culmination of the Nixon administration's resumption of peaceful relations between the United States and China after years of diplomatic isolation.
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In 1862, President Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation opened the door for African Americans to enlist in the Union Army. Although many had wanted to join the war effort earlier, they were prohibited from enlisting by a federal law dating back to 1792. President Lincoln had also feared that if he authorized their recruitment, border states would secede from the Union. By the end of the war, approximately 180,000 African-American soldiers had joined the fight.
In addition to the problems of war faced by all soldiers, African-American soldiers faced additional difficulties created by racial prejudice. Although many served in the infantry and artillery, discriminatory practices resulted in large numbers of African-American soldiers being assigned to perform non-combat, support duties as cooks, laborers, and teamsters. African-American soldiers were paid $10 per month, from which $3 was deducted for clothing. White soldiers were paid $13 per month, from which no clothing allowance was deducted. If captured by the Confederate Army, African-American soldiers confronted a much greater threat than did their white counterparts.
In spite of their many hardships, African-American soldiers served the Union Army well and distinguished themselves in many battles. Of their service to the nation Frederick Douglass said, "Once let the black man get upon his person the brass letters U.S., let him get an eagle on his button, and a musket on his shoulder and bullets in his pockets, and there is no power on earth which can deny that he has earned the right of citizenship in the United States." African-American soldiers comprised about 10 percent of the Union Army. It is estimated that one-third of all African Americans who enlisted lost their lives.
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Over a million people died, people were displaced and Britain lost India
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Declaratory Act 1766: It was a tax that touched virtually every colonist. If you were married, bought land, sent mail, purchased goods, sold goods, wrote a will, etc.
The change that drove the transition from the Paleolithic to the Neolithic era, was the emergence of farming activities, both agriculture and animal husbandry. Previously, people only ate what they could hunt, fish or collect in the nature but, at this point in history, they learnt how to grow their own food, and hence, stopped being nomads and started to create settlements and villages for permanent stays.
More complex societies arose, where people acquired different roles. This was also the origin of the specialization and the division of labor. Specialists were able to develope tools which, in turn, enhanced the productivity of the agricultural activities and ended up giving rise to production surpluses (more food than the amount necessary for subsistence) and to trade activities.
The Neolithic starts 15,000 years ago and last until the Chalcolithic period which took place about 6,500 years ago.
