Original name was Li Shimin the second emperor of the Tang Dynasty of China, he ruled from 626 to 649.
The U.S. Supreme Court case Marbury v. Madison (1803) established the principle of judicial review—the power of the federal courts to declare legislative and executive acts unconstitutional. The unanimous opinion was written by Chief Justice John Marshall.
The answer is the light bulb.
I believe you are referring to the book of John in the bible
the book of john cautions against syncretism of christian religion and the holding of doctrines that are heretical.
syncretism is the mixing of various views into a culture or religion, that was spreading quickly in the early church.