Separation of powers is a doctrine of constitutional law under which the three branches of government (executive, legislative, and judicial) are kept separate. This is also known as the system of checks and balances, because each branch is given certain powers so as to check and balance the other branches.
Venice and Florence emerged as key centers of trade in the Mediterranean, based on the trade of silk, cotton, wool and spices. The Italian city-states were the bridge between the Byzantine Empire, Western Europe, North Africa and the Middle East.
A few dis advantages of city-states include the fact that common people are mistreated. Also, the poor were taxed more. City-states would often get taken over by mercenaries or invaded. The rulers profited from the economy.
The belief that the Aryan race (Caucasian, Blonde-hair, blue-eyed
Northern Europeans) are better than other human races (especially, in
regards to the Jewish race)
