The answer would be the third option. "They could be made using formulas, could show ideal beauty, or could be realistic."
Hope this helps! :)
Figurative imagery is most common in architectural ornament of Islamic art. In addition, water is common used as a decorative element in Islamic architecture. Calligraphy is/are usually used to decorate luxury objects made by Muslim artist. The creation of the codex led to the growth of progressively intricate scripts for use in calligraphy.
