Answer:
During the Qing dynasty period and in at beginning of the 20th century, a handful of land owners and nobles held almost 80% of China's lands and the wealth was concentrated only on the wealthy higher class.
The working class people who were mostly peasants were left with nothing. They were unable to even satisfy their basic needs! Famine, starvation, and diseases spread every where and the rulers were unable to protect China and her interests from aggressive foreign colonial powers like Europeans, Americans and Japanese.
It is because of this immense economic and social pressure that communism became popular among the ordinary people in China.
Explanation:
Noun
<span>
noun </span>
1.
fancy penmanship, especially highly decorative handwriting, as with a great many flourishes: She appreciated the calligraphy of the 18th century.
2.
handwriting; penmanship.
3.
the art of writing beautifully:
Answer: I'm balanced I agree and disagree here is why,
Peter C. Perdue's China Marches West argues that the Qing dynasty's ability to break through historical territorial barriers on China's northwestern frontier reflected greater Manchu familiarity with steppe culture than their Chinese predecessors had exhibited, reinforced by superior commercial, technical, and symbolic resources and the benefits of a Russian alliance. Qing imperial expansion illustrated patterns of territorial consolidation apparent as well in Russia's forward movement in Inner Asia and, ironically, in the heroic, if ultimately futile, projects of the western Mongols who fell victim to the Qing. After summarizing Perdue's thesis, this essay extends his comparisons geographically and chronologically to argue that between 1600 and 1800 states ranging from western Europe through Japan to Southeast Asia exhibited similar patterns of political and cultural integration and that synchronized integrative cycles across Eurasia extended from the ninth to the nineteenth centuries. Yet in its growing vulnerability to Inner Asian domination, China proper—along with other sectors of the "exposed zone" of Eurasia—exemplified a species of state formation that was reasonably distinct from trajectories in sectors of Eurasia that were protected against Inner Asian conquest.
<span>During the Middle Ages the primary purpose of Western art was to portray the spirit world, and the early art subjects were typically limited to religious (Pietistic) art. Art took form as mosaics, illuminated manuscripts, and paintings in churches.</span>
