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Pavlov's theory of stimulus substitution is the combination of several techniques that are called the spectrum of the umbrella in classical conditioning. It occurs with the pairing with the new stimulus to the already conditioned stimulus. When this procedure occurs new stimulus paired with the conditioned stimulus, there are chances of replacing already conditioned stimulus with a new stimulus.
We can take an example of a rat that is to be conditioned to respond to a whistle which related to fed then can add a flashlight as a signal with a whistle. When light is there then rat fed. The light signal is then substituted part of the whistle.
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Well sometimes seeing a picture or hearing a certain sound can cause fear.
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Answer: It's a system often perceived as undemocratic, and it's received its fair share of derision and outrage. Most controversially, it's occasionally resulted in somebody becoming president without receiving a majority of votes. There have been many attempts to rectify this, and the Every Vote Counts Amendment is one of them.
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