Answer: Charlemagne's crowning made the Byzantine Emperor redundant, and relations between the East and the West deteriorated until a formal split occurred in 1054. The Eastern Church became the Greek Orthodox Church by severing all ties with Rome and the Roman Catholic Church — from the pope to the Holy Roman Emperor on down.
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They built a wall around the city to keep out invaders
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Big businesses started a hierarchy if you will dividing employees in to mangers, supervisors, etc. They also bought out other competitors to eliminate competition
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