The correct answer is option C, the concentration of the hydroxide ion is greater than the concentration of the hydronium ion
Reason -
An acidic solution has an ability to contribute hydrogen ion. Here a hydronium ion (H3O+) has an extra H+ ion along with a water molecule. Thus presence of hydronium ion in larger amount than the hydroxide ion would make the solution acidic. Thus, the concentration of hydroxide ion should be less than the hydronium ion to make the solution a basic solution.
Answer:
Bridgham et al. (2006) showed that the interaction between a steroid hormone (aldosterone-M) and its receptor (mineralocorticoid) evolved by Darwinian gradualism. In this work, the authors demonstrated a primitive affinity between the hormone and its receptor that was initially present in chemically similar but more ancient ligands. This result has implications in understanding the association between gene duplication and the evolution of hormone signaling pathways. For example, in invertebrates, this work reinforces the importance of gene duplication in the existing interaction between paralogous glucocorticoid receptors and their receptor mineralocorticoid genes that were derived from duplication (Thornton 2001).
The publications above cited are the following:
J.T. Bridgham, S.M. Carroll, and J.W. Thornton (2006). Evolution of hormone-receptor complexity by molecular exploitation. Science, 312(5770), 97-101.
JW Thornton. Evolution of vertebrate steroid receptors from an ancestral estrogen receptor by ligand exploitation and serial genome expansions, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA (PNAS), 2001, vol. 98 10 (pg. 5671-5676).
So the plant doesn't freeze (; that was easy
