The organs of the head supplied with sympathetic innervation through the preganglionic neurons of the SANS originate in the thoracic and lumbar (T1 to L2) areas of the spinal cord, with the cell bodies dispersed in four symmetrically and bilaterally distributed regions of the grey matter.
Sympathetic innervation in some cranial nerves' distal branches do not travel from the brain or brain stem. Only in the thoracolumbar area of the spinal cord do sympathetic nerve impulses exit the brain. An element of the autonomic nervous system is the sympathetic nervous system. It is automatic and works with the parasympathetic nervous system to keep the body in equilibrium.
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Energy is the ability to do work which is stored in the body inform of ATP (adenosine triphosphate). ATP is comprised of a base Adenine, a ribose sugar (5 carbon sugar) and three phosphate groups. when a bond is broken energy is released and when a bond is formed energy is stored. ATP is used by cells as a source of energy such that ATP can easily release or store energy by breaking the chemical bonds and reforming the bonds between its phosphate group. The correct answer is c, phosphate- phosphate bond
Answer: Booster dose of vaccine is given to elicit a secondary immune response ( by means of re-exposure of pathogen in the booster dose) so that more number of long lived antibody producing plasma cells are produced in the body.
Due to this, a higher level of protection is created in the body.
Whenever the body encounters the disease causing agent, it can easily clear off the infection.
Thus, booster dose serves as an additional vaccine dose to boost the memory of the immune system against a particular disease.
Example of vaccine that require booster dose- HPV ( human pappiloma virus), Hepatits A, Hepatitis B, Polio.
Answer:
The haemoglobin levels or counts can be used.
Explanation:
The oxygen carrying pigment of the blood is the heamoglobin (Hb).it is a protein molecule with for heam groups,Each of the latter can bind with 4 molecules of oxygen in a cooperate bonding.The more oxygen molecules binding by Hb,the more oxygen is carry in RBC.
Therefore if the number of Hb counts is reduced in an individual the volume of oxygen in the RBC of the subject should reduced,Therefore, this should be a good indicator of the lower oxygen capacity of the blood of the individual.
Basically in a physiological female the Hb count/100ml of blood is 12-16g/ml,like wise 13-18g/100mI in a physiological man.
Therefore fluctuations in the levels of these values below the set points is an indicator of distortion in the oxygen carrying capacity of the blood.
The amount of the blood in volume that contains RBC is called Hematocrit. Therefore for accuracy the HCT together with the Hb counts are good indicators of oxygen capacity of the blood.
