Etymology is the study of the history and origin of words
Yes. Any play can be successfully "translated" into other languages and cultures
For languages, take for example The Bible. It has been translated into hundreds of languages.
For Culture, you can take for example, the story can be changed for people in different parts of the world to understand it more. For example, if you are in a banking industry, the story might be about banking, but the meaning stays the same. For farmers, you might change it to farming, but keep the same meaning.
hope this helps
Shakespeare uses the character of Ghost to create the most suspense