The authors claim , details from the text , your owen words to your thesis
31x2=62
to check all you do is add 31+31 and get 62
Hope this helped! :))
Well, you need to give us the choices before we can give an exact answer but normally you can evaluate the tone by thinking about the context and meaning.
some examples of strong disapproval might be: "She's such a horrible person" or "I really hate this lamp it's ugly" The bolded words show the strong disapproval.
But most likely you should be able to find it by evaluating tone.