Answer:
A. This sample is in 4/4
B. Every note in this sample is B
C. There are 4 sixteenth notes in the second measure, after the 2 eighth notes. I have attached a picture of sixteenth notes below.
D. The rest in the second measure gets 1 beat, as this sample is in 4/4
E. I presume you know what a final barline looks like. If not, I have attached an image of one.
F. There are several different dynamic markings, the most common being, F (forte, loud), MF (mezzo-forte, medium loud), and P (piano, soft)