The Reformation created division within Europe. In Spain most people were Catholic. In the northern countries most people were Protestant. The Holy Roman Empire was a patchwork of small kingdoms, some Catholic.
Annexing a territory with no plans for statehood was unprecedented and unconstitutional. Second, they believed that to occupy and govern a foreign people without their consent violated the ideals of the Declaration of Independence.
One of the greatest controversies of the Renaissance would be the idea of Humanism, which is the idea that humans can be good people. The church leaders at that time didn't like this idea because they didn't have the power over people that they used to have when they could say, "God hates you because humans are sinful, so you have to do everything we tell you to gain His forgiveness," and other stuff like that.
For the first question I believe is D, and the second question I think is D as well
