Phagocytosis of microbes by macrophages is enhanced by both the binding of antibodies to the surface of microbes & antibody-mediated opsonization of microbes
What is the function of phagocytosis?
Phagocytosis is the cellular process through which particles bigger than 0.5 m in diameter, such as bacteria, foreign substances, and apoptotic cells, are ingested and eliminated.
- Phagocytosis is found in many different types of cells and is hence an important step for tissue homeostasis.
- However, only specialized cells known as professional phagocytes are capable of high-efficiency phagocytosis.
- Among these specialized cells are macrophages, neutrophils, monocytes, dendritic cells, and osteoclasts.
Phagocytosis occurs in four stages:
I identification of the particle to be swallowed,
ii) activation of the internalization process,
iii) development of a specialized vacuole known as a phagosome,
iv) maturation of the phagosome to turn it into a phagolysosome.
Hence, the correct option is A
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Answer:
The correct answer is both.
Explanation:
- Each chromosome is made up of a pair of sister chromatids which remain attached to each other at the centromere.
- During DNA replication the DNA duplicates, which means that if initially in the parent cell 'n' chromosomes were present then, after duplication, the number of chromosomes in the cell will be '2n'.
- As mentioned above, each chromosome has a pair of sister chromatids, that is, two chromatids per chromosome. So, 'n' chromosomes will have '2n' chromatids. Hence, '2n' chromosomes will have '4n' chromatids.
- In a parent cell,
- Before duplication, number of chromosome = n, number of chromatid = 2n.
- After duplication, number of chromosome = 2n, number of chromatid = 4n.
- The cell cycle proceeds as, G0, G1, S, G2, M.
- G0 represents the interphase. It occurs before replication or duplication of the chromosomes, which occurs in the S phase.
- So, in G0 phase, the chromosome number is 'n' and chromatid number is '2n'.
Answer:
Circulatory system
Explanation:
It can carry energy and oxygen to cell as well as waste out of cell example carbondioxide
