Answer:
A large part of South Asia receives rainfall mainly during the Indian Summer Monsoon (ISM) season of the year (Jun–Sep). The socioeconomic conditions of most of the developing countries in this region largely depend on the ISM rains. It also played important roles in rise and collapse of ancient civilizations in this region. However, the influence of the ISM on Indian ancient civilizations has not yet been fully explored though there were some attempts to correlate monsoon variation with their rise and fall. For example, in the mid to late Holocene period, Indus Valley or Harappan Civilization flourished in the western part of India from its early development, through its urbanization and eventual transformation into a rural society. Probably a prolonged decrease in the ISM rainfall caused the decline in the urban phase of the Indus Civilization around the 4.2 kyr BP global climate event. Another well-recorded early Holocene global climate event is the 8.2 kyr BP cooling event which also reportedly influenced ISM significantly, but its impact on human settlement is not clear in this region. The present study is a comprehensive review of the archaeological and climatological researches carried out on the role of ISM variability on the rise and fall of ancient Indian civilizations for the most part of the ongoing interglacial period, the Holocene. The review covers the studies on the period of the last 10 kyr as evidence suggests that human settlement and cultural developments in this region started around the beginning of this period. We have noted that the existing studies are mostly restricted to vague qualitative analysis of the weakening/strengthening of the ISM, and researches related to quantitative estimations of changes of the monsoon strengths and durations of drought events that caused collapse of civilizations are limited. Therefore, in the present analysis, emphasis has also been given on the requirement of estimating the absolute changes that might have caused cultural shifts. Some possible ways to quantitatively estimate the changes of some climate parameters are discussed.
Answer:
many different food chains connected together
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Answer:
Climate attribution has now developed to the point where scientists are able to identify and quantify the part ... Understanding the increased risks posed by climate change will help us plan for, respond to, and ... The connection between extreme weather and climate change.
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Answer:
Italy
Explanation:
The European country that experiences the greatest seismic activity is Italy. The seismic activity is manifested through both volcanic eruptions and earthquakes. The reason for this is that Italy is located near the boundary between the Eurasian and African tectonic plates. This boundary is a very complex collision boundary, where there is lot of pressure between the two continental plates, causing constant adjustments in the crust, resulting in constant earthquakes. Also, there are volcanoes, which have emerged on the land. Vesuvius and Etna are actually one of the best known volcanoes in the world, with Etna being one of the most active volcanoes in the world.
It is D) Ireland. The rest are culturally diverse while Ireland is homogeneous.
