War
War times make people very patriotic or nationalistic.
So, the Soviet Union controlled the east half of Germany and had it under Communist rule. West Germany was divided among the Allies and had sectors controlled by the United States, England, and France.
The second one is the correct one
The answer to that question is c.
The major role that political parties play during the election process is: Encouraging citizens to vote.
Using one or the other mean, these parties convince people to cast their vote. They advertise for voting. They run door-to-door campaigns. They complete some welfare projects of localities only for one purpose that people cast the vote to their parties.