Answer:
During presentation of APC-bound antigen, macrophages and dendritic cells secrete the cytokine, interleukin-1, that activates T helper cells
Explanation:
Macrophages interact with T cells in order to generate T cell activation in target organs, and are themselves activated by inflammatory messenger molecules (cytokines) produced by the T cells.
Macrophages produce toxic chemicals, such as nitric oxide, that can kill surrounding cells.
During presentation of APC-bound antigen, macrophages and dendritic cells secrete the cytokine, interleukin-1, that activates T helper cells
Phosphofructokinase is an allosteric enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of fructose 6-phosphate to fructose 1,6-bisphosphate. This a an early reaction in the glycolysis pathway that is a regulatory step in the pathway. An increase int he amount of ATP in the cell might cause decrease in the amount of phosphofructokinase enzyme by a process called feedback inhibition. Glycolysis process is regulated at various steps in which conversion of fructose 6-phosphate to fructose 1,6-bisphosphate is one of the regulatory step.
Answer: In the presence of oxygen, an increase in the amount of ATP in a cell would be expected to INHIBIT THE PHOSPHOFRUCTOKINASE ENZYME AND SLOWS THE RATE OF GLYCOLYSIS.
As female has XX chromosome so they can be carrier if one chromosome is recessive to the disease and have muscular distrpphy if female has homozygous condition for the disease !!
But in male ; which has only one X chromosome i.e XY , it can not be a carrier !! Male even if has the recessive gene but due to having only one X gene will get muscular distrophy.
I hope now you understand; if got any problem ; comment !!
A heterozygous Purple (Pp) mated with a white (pp) flower will result in a 2:2 Purple (Pp):White (pp) progeny