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No proper police force existed before the 16th century. It was the responsibility of the victim and local community to find the criminal themselves. It was expected that communities would be responsible for policing and combatting crime.
10th century
Hywel Dda was a Welsh ruler in the 10th century. He unified most of Wales under his leadership. He also wrote Wales’ first uniform legal system. After the Norman Conquest, the Laws of Hywel Dda continued as the basis of the Welsh legal system.
In 1284 the Statute of Rhuddlan enforced the use of English law for all criminal cases in Wales. However, the Laws of Hywel Dda continued to be used for civil cases until 1540.
By 1500 most of the population still lived in rural communities or small towns. However, the feudal system was in decline and parishes were increasingly used as a way to organise and control local matters rather than the Lord of the Manor.
Although parishes were religious organisations, throughout the 16th century, Tudor Governments gave them increasing powers in local matters. For example, in 1555, parishes were responsible for the upkeep of nearby roads, whilst the 1601 Poor Relief Act (Poor Law) outlined the responsibility of the parish to look after its own poor. Also under the Act, parishioners were appointed by JPs to serve as overseers of the Poor Law for one year.
In the 16th and 17th centuries, individual towns and parishes took greater responsibility for combating crime and policing the nation.
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A: Sponsors and support are gathered for the bill.
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Parenthetical citations reference the original sources that are used in an essay or paper. <u>It immediately tells the reader where your data is coming from, and shourtcuts the unnecessary trouble of having to make footnotes</u>.
For print sources like books, magazines, <u>or the encyclopidia given in your example</u>, you have to provide the author's last name and the page number in the source material from where your citation comes from.
It would look like this: "After the Civil War, the amount of counterfeit money in circulation was a big problem for the government" (Ray 34).
When it comes to electronic sources, the absence of page numbers should not be a problem in creating parenthetical citations. All you have to do is provide the author's or article's name; and unless you must list the website's URL to give the reader a direct entry to the page, do not include entire URLs in the text. Instead, provide partial URLs like the name of the website or its domain.
In this case, your example would look like this: "After the Civil War, the amount of counterfeit money in circulation was a big problem for the government" (Know Your Money, Secretservice.gov).
Hope this helps!
