It’s (b) sorry for answering late
Homer Plessy "<span>a. Sat on a railroad car designated for Whites," which the Supreme Court ruled as illegal in the case "Plessy vs. Ferguson," since this case upheld "separate but equal policies" in the US. </span>
According to the Wikipedia, Saladin "was the first sultan of Egypt and Syria and the founder of the Ayyubid dynasty." He was a Sunni Muslim, "who led his military against the Crusader states in the Levant."
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Answer:
Checks and balances: The system of checks and balances in government was developed to ensure that no one branch of government would become too powerful. The framers of the U.S. Constitution built a system that divides power between the three branches of the U.S. government—legislative, executive and judicial—and includes various limits and controls on the powers of each branch.
Separation of powers: The system of separation of powers divides the tasks of the state into three branches: legislative, executive and judicial. These tasks are assigned to different institutions in such a way that each of them can check the others. As a result, no one institution can become so powerful in a democracy as to destroy this system.
