4-55 A firm expects to install smog control equipment on the exhaust of a gasoline engine. The local smog control district has a
greed to pay to the firm a lump sum of money to provide for the first cost of the equipment and maintenance during its 10-year useful life. At the end of 10 years the equipment, which initially cost $10,000, is valueless. The firm and the smog control district have agreed that the following are reasonable estimates of the end-of-year maintenance costs: Year 1 2 3 4 5 $75 100 125 150 175 Year 6 7 8 9 10 $200 225 250 275 300 Assuming interest at 6% per year, how much should the smog control district pay to the firm now to provide for the first cost of the equipment and its maintenance for 10 years
The Lerner index is used by monopolists to measure market/monopolist power, and it is defined as the percent markup of price over marginal cost.
It is given by the formula:
Note: in a perfectly competitive market, L = 0, which makes Price = Marginal cost in the equation above. But in a competitive market, it is always the case that L ≥ 0
The purpose of product safety policies and legislation is to keep consumers safe, with the expectation that product quality is balanced against business profits. How does a company factor these competing expectations and still hold the consumer responsible for safe and effective use of the product? Product safety is a key component of any business.
The coupons paid by municipal bonds are exempt from federal income tax and from state tax in many states. Therefore, the higher the tax bracket that the investor is in, the more valuable the tax-exempt feature to the investor.