The Treaty of Versailles made it so that the Germany's military, economy, and territory suffered. The terms of the treaty were that Germany was to surrender all German colonies, return the territory Alsace-Lorraine to France, give up a lot of their territory to other countries, and they were de-militarized. It is said that 10% of Germany's population was lost, and about 13% of Germany's territory was given to other countries. I believe that the Treaty of Versailles was too harsh on the people of Germany.
since i dont have the map i cant answer the first half but Persia massive size would be a problem for Athens and Sparta however the Persians lost was their infantry is in poor quality compared to the Greek hoplites the Persian warrior is meant to engage targets on th opens planes of Asia and the middle east thats why they wore light to no amour also with Athens and Sparta at war with one another Xerxes thought they would not rally together and he could take them one at a time
