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Why the News Is Not the Truth
by Peter Vanderwicken
From the Magazine (May–June 1995)
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News and the Culture of Lying: How Journalism Really Works, Paul H. Weaver (The Free Press, 1994).
Who Stole the News?: Why We Can’t Keep Up with What Happens in the World, Mort Rosenblum (John Wiley & Sons, 1993).
Tainted Truth: The Manipulation of Fact in America, Cynthia Crossen (Simon & Schuster, 1994).
The U.S. press, like the U.S. government, is a corrupt and troubled institution. Corrupt not so much in the sense that it accepts bribes but in a systemic sense. It fails to do what it claims to do, what it should do, and what society expects it to do.
The news media and the government are entwined in a vicious circle of mutual manipulation, mythmaking, and self-interest. Journalists need crises to dramatize news, and government officials need to appear to be responding to crises. Too often, the crises are not really crises but joint fabrications. The two institutions have become so ensnared in a symbiotic web of lies that the news media are unable to tell the public what is true and the government is unable to govern effectively. That is the thesis advanced by Paul H. Weaver, a former political scientist (at Harvard University), journalist (at Fortune magazine), and corporate communications executive (at Ford Motor Company), in his provocative analysis entitled News and the Culture of Lying: How Journalism Really Works.
Answer: The term is frequently employed in international propaganda to denounce ... international relations: The impact of industrialism and imperialism.
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The forcible "opening" of Japan by the US led to a period of rapid technological and institutional growth in Japan, which exacerbated the political problems that had already existed in the country. It also led to the end of the Tokugawa shogunate as anti-shogun elements in society were strengthened by the rise of those who thought that the military government was doing a poor job dealing with the foreigners and those who were against western influences and developments in Japan.
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