Transform boundary – this type of fault is found where two tectonic plates are moving alongside and parallel to each other mostly in opposite directions. This type of fault is also responsible for the rift valley and block mountains. No crust is destroyed nor new crust formed.
Convergent boundary – At this point, two tectonic plates are colliding because they are moving in opposite directions at each other. The pressure and stress of the collision force causes the plates to begin crumpling and folding at the boundary forming features such as fold mountains (an example is the Himalayas).
Convergent boundary – At this boundary , the denser of the two colliding tectonic plates (usually the oceanic plate) is subsided by the less dense one (usually the continental plate). The plate being subsided begins to melt as it does down into the mantle and becomes liquid rock. This magma rises through the fissures formed at the boundary and erupts into volcanic islands along the boundary.
Marine ecosystems cover approximately 71% of the Earth's surface and contain approximately 97% of the planet's water. They generate 32% of the world's net primary production. They are distinguished from freshwater ecosystems by the presence of dissolved compounds, especially salts, in the water. Approximately 85% of the dissolved materials in seawater are sodium and chlorine. Seawater has an average salinity of 35 parts per thousand(ppt) of water. Actual salinity varies among different marine ecosystems.
A classification of marine habitats.
Marine ecosystems can be divided into many zones depending upon water depth and shoreline features. The oceanic zone is the vast open part of the ocean where animals such as whales, sharks, and tuna live. The benthic zone consists of substrates below water where many invertebrates live. The intertidal zone is the area between high and low tides; in this figure it is termed the littoral zone. Other near-shore (neritic) zones can include estuaries, salt marshes, coral reefs, lagoons and mangrove swamps. In the deep water, hydrothermal vents may occur where chemosynthetic sulfur bacteria form the base of the food web.
Classes of organisms found in marine ecosystems include brown algae, dinoflagellates, corals, cephalopods, echinoderms, and sharks. Fishes caught in marine ecosystems are the biggest source of commercial foods obtained from wild populations.
Environmental problems concerning marine ecosystems include unsustainable exploitation of marine resources (for example overfishing of certain species), marine pollution,climate change, and building on coastal areas.
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Gravity
Neutron stars are the most extreme and fascinating objects known to exist in our universe: Such a star has a mass that is up to twice that of the sun but a radius of only a dozen kilometers: hence it has an enormous density, thousands of billions of times that of the densest element on Earth. An important property of neutron stars, distinguishing them from normal stars, is that their mass cannot grow without bound. Indeed, if a nonrotating star increases its mass, also its density will increase. Normally this will lead to a new equilibrium and the star can live stably in this state for thousands of years. This process, however, cannot repeat indefinitely and the accreting star will reach a mass above which no physical pressure will prevent it from collapsing to a black hole. The critical mass when this happens is called the "maximum mass" and represents an upper limit to the mass that a nonrotating neutron star can be.
However, once the maximum mass is reached, the star also has an alternative to the collapse: it can rotate. A rotating star, in fact, can support a mass larger than if it was nonrotating, simply because the additional centrifugal force can help balance the gravitational force. Also in this case, however, the star cannot be arbitrarily massive because an increase in mass must be accompanied by an increase in the rotation and there is a limit to how fast a star can rotate before breaking apart. Hence, for any neutron star, there is an absolute maximum mass and is given by the largest mass of the fastest-spinning model.
Answer:
Because they represent the leftover building blocks of the solar system-scientists can study these and learn about the composition of the solar system.
