Answer:
The earth system usually refers to the different ways in which various physical, chemical as well as the biological processes interacts with one another and it includes the land areas, oceans, atmosphere, minerals and also the different cycles such as carbon, nitrogen, sulfur and so on.
These processes are continuously taking place at, on and below the surface of the earth, maintaining an equilibrium. The life existing on earth is directly dependent on these conditions and on-going processes. When there occurs changes in these conditions, then the lives on earth are affected.
For example, the lives are dependent on the climatic conditions, and when suppose the concentration of green house gases and other toxic elements are increased in an ecosystem, then the temperature will eventually rise, and there reaches a point when it becomes difficult for life to sustain. The organisms will suffer from different diseases.
Thus, the growth of life on earth affects when there occurs changes in the earth's system.
Answer:
10 chromosomes/sister chromatids
Explanation:
Prophase is the first stage of cell division (mitosis). Prior to the cell entering the actual division stage, it undergoes a phase where it prepares its content and most importantly undergo the duplication of its genetic material (DNA). This DNA are found as chromosomes. It undergoes replication of its DNA in the S-phase of interphase stage.
Since Arabidopsis thaliana has 10 chromosomes, and each chromosome holds one DNA molecule, 10 molecules of DNA will be present in the mustard plant's genome. These 10 molecules of DNA will be replicated on another copy of chromosome which is identical to the template. This chromosomes are called SISTER chromatids i.e. replicated chromosome. Each sister chromatids are held together at the centromere and are considered one individual chromosome until they separate during anaphase stage.
Hence, at the Prophase stage, before separation, each sister chromatid (replicated chromosome) is considered as one chromosome. Thus, in the mustard plant with 10 chromosomes, it will possess 10 sister chromatids or chromosomes at the Prophase stage.
N.B: When sister chromatids separate during anaphase stage, they will be regarded as individual chromosomes.
Heroin, Oxycodone, Oxymorphone, Hydromorphone.
These are some.
