Answer:
Correct answer is b- Permanent population
.
Explanation:
Option A is not correct as every state needs to have a defined territory, which is established in a certain period.
B is correct as population of country changes due to different reasons, including for example the migrations.
C is not correct as every country has its leadership. For example, if it is a monarchy, it has a unique monarch (king).
D is also correct as every country has its official language.
Deflation is a process of erosion by wind which leaves desert pavement behind.
Earthquakes and volcanoes are distributed through the junction of tectonical places(idk how do you say this in English but I say placas tectónicas in Portuguese so I recommend that you put it in Google Translate)
This is very... open ended. Do you have some choices? If not, I will say that they would most likely be interested in Alaska and eastern Siberia being connected by ice. People could, at one point, simply walk across.
