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spayn [35]
2 years ago
5

Cuales son los distintos tipos de productores en América Lantina?

Geography
1 answer:
Maurinko [17]2 years ago
4 0

Answer:

La región de América Latina y El Caribe cubre alrededor de 2050 m de ha y está conformada por 42 países con una población estimada de 505 m para el 2000. El tamaño de la región y la gran variedad de condiciones ecológicas favorables que presenta, sumadas a una densidad poblacional relativamente baja de 0,25 personas/ha y a tasas de urbanización que alcanzan el 75% han permitido el desarrollo y conservación de niveles extremadamente altos de biodiversidad. Según el Programa de las Naciones Unidas para el Medio Ambiente, (PNUMA)1, cinco de los diez países más ricos en términos de biodiversidad se encuentran en la LAC; además, la región presenta un 36% de los principales alimentos cultivados y especies industriales. La región más extensa de bosque tropical no fragmentado se encuentra en la Cuenca Amazónica, a esto se añade que la región posee un 28% del área forestal mundial - aproximadamente 1000 millones de ha para 1994.

Parte de esta abundancia surge de las condiciones climáticas relativamente favorables de la región. Esta cuenta con un 40 por ciento del total de áreas húmedas y con aproximadamente la mitad del total de los recursos hídricos renovables de los países en desarrollo, no obstante, presenta únicamente el cuatro por ciento de tierras áridas y semiáridas. Alrededor del 90% del territorio de la LAC corresponde a tierras húmedas y subhúmedas.

En 1999 la LAC poseía alrededor de 160 m de ha de tierra cultivada2, incluyendo 18 m de ha bajo riego. Esto representa únicamente el 18% del potencial estimado de la región3; además se estima que no más del 1% del agua disponible en la LAC se utiliza en la actualidad4. Aproximadamente 600 m de ha son tierras de pastoreo. La región es importante al nivel mundial en un sinnúmero de cultivos y por lo general obtiene rendimientos por encima del promedio de los países en desarrollo.

Con un promedio de US$ 3 940 del PIB per capita en 1998, la LAC es la región en desarrollo más rica del mundo y es también una de las que menos depende de la agricultura - tan sólo un 8% del PIB provenía de este sector en 1998. Puesto que el crecimiento del valor agregado agrícola es menor que para la industria o servicios, es muy probable que esta proporción continúe descendiendo. Más aún, la información nutricional de la FAO indica que la dieta promedio de la LAC contiene 120% de la necesidad energética mínima requerida al día5, mientras que el índice alimentario regional per cápita según la Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL) experimentó un incremento del 15% durante el período 1980-19976.

A pesar de lo mencionado anteriormente, en la región existen serios problemas de equidad. No solamente los poderosos controlan una de las mayores proporciones de recursos del mundo7, sino que además existe un fuerte sesgo urbano. Según estimados de la CEPAL8 en 1997, el 54% de hogares rurales de la región se catalogó como pobre, en contraste con un 30% en las áreas urbanas. La extrema pobreza9 afectó al 31% de hogares rurales, y únicamente al 10% en las áreas urbanas. En total, se determinó que 47 m de habitantes rurales viven en la extrema pobreza y que 78 m están en la pobreza. Las cifras de pobreza internacionales varían considerablemente en los países estudiados en la región -entre el 2% de la población que percibe un ingreso menor a 1US$ diario en Uruguay (cifras de 1989) y el 40% que recibe esta misma cantidad tanto en Guatemala como en Honduras10. Los problemas de equidad son particularmente evidentes con respecto a la distribución de la tierra11.

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