This question seems to be incomplete. However, there´s enough information to find the right answer.
Answer:
In his book How Children Succeed: Grit, Curiosity, and the Hidden Power of Character, Paul Tough uses James Black's story as an example of how although having good cognitive abilities is necessary, hard work and proper education is much more important to turn intelligence into academic success.
Explanation:
James´amazing talent at playing chess, which usually indicates a high intelligence, didn´t match his academic results despite his teacher´s efforts. According to Tough, James´main obstacle was the deficiency of his education throughout his life, and not a lack of resolution or intellectual capacity. Furthermore, he praises Elizabeth Spiegel, James´teacher, for her efforts to get the kid to get better academic achievements, and claims that it´s teachers like her who actually understand educational needs and the importance of helping students develop their own intellectual abilities.
I can only answer the 1st question.
Both men in these stories faced peer pressure. They were pressured to go against their own beliefs in order to satisfy society's demands.
<span>“No Witchcraft for Sale.” - In this story, Gideon did not bow down to peer pressure. He kept silent and gave the impression of succumbing to the pressure given to him but doing what he wanted to really do. He gave the wrong root to satisfy the demands of the public. He also signified his displeasure by being more formal to his employers and for keeping his silence.
"</span><span>“Shooting an Elephant” - In this story, the police man gave in to the pressure of shooting the elephant not because it is a legal thing to do but because of self-preservation. He doesn't want to appear as a fool to the public that detests him. He preferred to be hailed as the one who shot the elephant than be further jeered as the one who did not shoot the elephant.
Both men did what they did to serve their own purpose. Gideon's way was sticking to his values while the police man sacrificed his own values to ensure an acceptable place in the community he lives in. </span>
Direct characterization<span> is how an author tells his or her reader about a character. .</span>
The main idea in the above paragraph is that D.) Different Societies have different ideas about the purpose of marriage.
American society marry because the couple romantically love each other.
Other society marry for economic purposes. Still other society marry to retain the pureness of the lineage, to secure the family wealth within its grasp, and to further amass power and privileges.
